What is derivative TGA (DTG) and what does it add to a standard TGA curve?

DTG is the mathematical derivative of the TGA mass-loss curve with respect to temperature or time, converting gradual mass-loss steps into distinct peaks. It makes it much easier to identify the exact temperature of each decomposition or mass-loss event and to separate overlapping steps that are hard to distinguish on the raw TGA curve alone.

How much sample is needed for a TGA measurement?

TGA typically requires only a small amount of sample — often just a few milligrams — since the technique measures a relative mass change (percentage) rather than an absolute quantity, though enough material is needed to ensure the sample is representative of the bulk material.

Does the atmosphere (nitrogen vs. air) used during TGA matter?

Yes — running TGA under an inert atmosphere (such as nitrogen) isolates purely thermal decomposition and volatilization, while running under air or oxygen introduces oxidative degradation, which can occur at different temperatures and produce different mass-loss behavior. The appropriate atmosphere depends on what the analysis is trying to characterize.

Can TGA distinguish between multiple overlapping decomposition steps?

TGA can resolve mass-loss events that occur at sufficiently different temperatures, and the derivative (DTG) curve helps separate steps that appear as a single gradual slope on the raw TGA trace — though steps that occur very close in temperature can still be difficult to fully resolve and may require a slower heating rate or complementary technique.

Can TGA be used to estimate a material's composition?

Yes, when a sample's components decompose or lose mass at sufficiently distinct temperatures — for example, moisture loss, then a specific additive's decomposition, then polymer degradation, then residual ash — the mass lost at each stage provides an approximate compositional breakdown of the sample.

TGA

熱重量分析

質量変化による熱安定性と組成の決定。

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O que é TGA

Uma técnica de análise avançada

質量変化による熱安定性と組成の決定。

SensibilidadeAlta

Estado da amostraVariável

私たちの違い

スペクトルだけをお渡しすることはありません。お渡しするのは解釈です。

どの検査機関でもピークと数値は返せます。私たちの報告書はデータを読み解きます。私たちが提供する価値を決定づける3つの違いを、匿名化した実際の事例で以下にご紹介します。

複数の分析技術を、1つの統合された報告書に

バラバラの5つの報告書をお渡しすることはありません。すべての分析技術の結果を突き合わせ、各シグナルを他と照合したうえで、単一の解釈にまとめ上げます — データの山ではなく、答えにたどり着くためです。

汚染調査 — 異物の由来を特定し追跡する。
性能劣化 — ロットが想定外の挙動を示す理由を説明する。
新規サプライヤーの検証 — 切り替え前に同等性を証明する。

分析結果の収束・実際の事例1つが不一致：NMR

FTIR赤外分光法

同等

FTラマンラマン散乱

同等

XRDX線回折

同等

XRF蛍光X線分析

同等

固体¹³C NMR核磁気共鳴・固体状態

差異を検出

LDPE 3ロット · 4技術が一致し、NMRのみが差異を明らかに

4. 実験的根拠

半結晶性ポリマー系では、加工時の熱力学的変数が鎖のコンフォメーション動態に影響します¹。固体NMRはナノメートルスケールの化学的環境を分解でき²、XRDやFTIRでは検出できない変化にも感度を示します³。

参考文献

1Muller et al. (2015). Polymer Testing, 45, 112–120.

2Schmidt-Rohr & Spiess (1994). Multidimensional Solid-State NMR.

3Korbi et al. (2025). J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 142, e5531.

文献に裏付けられた技術的根拠

報告書における技術選択と推論はすべて、査読済み文献に基づき、本文中に引用を明記しています。結論は単なる意見ではなく、監査でもお客様への説明でも通用する、追跡可能な論拠です。

主張と出典を結びつける番号付き引用
分析対象ごとに参照される公式規格・方法
最初から最後まで検証可能な論理展開

結論と専門家の見解

報告書は主任研究員が署名する明確な見解で締めくくられます — データが示すこと、まだ断定できないこと、そして次のステップです。推論の限界についても正直に注記しており、これが単なる推測と技術的見解を分けるポイントです。

結果だけでなく明確な技術的見解を提示
推論の限界を正直に明記
主任研究員(P.I.)署名による次のステップの提案

8. 結論

4つの技術が同等性を確認しましたが、 固体NMRのみ が、従来のQCでは判別できない微妙なコンフォメーション変化を明らかにしました — これはろ過挙動の異常と一致する分子シグネチャです。

工業ラインのパラメータがないため、直接的な因果関係は特定できません — 解明のための追加調査を推奨します。

Dr. ██████████主任研究員 · CRQ 381965

署名済み

Aplicações de mercado

Onde a TGA entrega resultados

市場応用

ファーマ

薬物の熱安定性
結晶水の定量
分解温度の特定

材料

ポリマー劣化の研究
無機充填剤の定量
熱分解動力学

化粧品

製品の熱安定性
有機成分の定量
保存温度の最適化

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions about Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)

What is derivative TGA (DTG) and what does it add to a standard TGA curve?: DTG is the mathematical derivative of the TGA mass-loss curve with respect to temperature or time, converting gradual mass-loss steps into distinct peaks. It makes it much easier to identify the exact temperature of each decomposition or mass-loss event and to separate overlapping steps that are hard to distinguish on the raw TGA curve alone.
How much sample is needed for a TGA measurement?: TGA typically requires only a small amount of sample — often just a few milligrams — since the technique measures a relative mass change (percentage) rather than an absolute quantity, though enough material is needed to ensure the sample is representative of the bulk material.
Does the atmosphere (nitrogen vs. air) used during TGA matter?: Yes — running TGA under an inert atmosphere (such as nitrogen) isolates purely thermal decomposition and volatilization, while running under air or oxygen introduces oxidative degradation, which can occur at different temperatures and produce different mass-loss behavior. The appropriate atmosphere depends on what the analysis is trying to characterize.
Can TGA distinguish between multiple overlapping decomposition steps?: TGA can resolve mass-loss events that occur at sufficiently different temperatures, and the derivative (DTG) curve helps separate steps that appear as a single gradual slope on the raw TGA trace — though steps that occur very close in temperature can still be difficult to fully resolve and may require a slower heating rate or complementary technique.
Can TGA be used to estimate a material's composition?: Yes, when a sample's components decompose or lose mass at sufficiently distinct temperatures — for example, moisture loss, then a specific additive's decomposition, then polymer degradation, then residual ash — the mass lost at each stage provides an approximate compositional breakdown of the sample.

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